Royal Balinese Bebek Betutu: Slow-Roasted Spice-Infused Duck

🌍 Cuisine: Balinese
🏷️ Category: Main Course
⏱️ Prep: 45 minutes
🍳 Cook: 3 hours
👥 Serves: 4-6 servings

📝 About This Recipe

Bebek Betutu is the crown jewel of Balinese ceremonial cuisine, a dish once reserved for royalty and sacred temple festivals. This legendary preparation features a whole duck rubbed with 'Base Gede'—a complex, golden spice paste—wrapped in banana leaves and slow-cooked until the meat becomes incredibly succulent and falls off the bone. It offers a masterful symphony of heat, earthiness from turmeric, and the citrusy brightness of lemongrass and kaffir lime.

🥗 Ingredients

Main Components

  • 1 piece Whole Duck (approx. 1.8-2kg, cleaned and patted dry)
  • 4-5 large pieces Banana Leaves (softened over a flame for wrapping)
  • 1 roll Kitchen Twine (for securing the wrap)

Base Gede (Spice Paste)

  • 12 pieces Shallots (peeled and roughly chopped)
  • 6 cloves Garlic (peeled)
  • 5-8 pieces Red Bird's Eye Chilies (adjust to desired heat level)
  • 3 cm Fresh Turmeric (peeled and sliced)
  • 3 cm Fresh Ginger (peeled and sliced)
  • 4 cm Galangal (peeled and sliced)
  • 2 cm Kencur (Aromatic Ginger) (optional but authentic, peeled)
  • 4 pieces Candlenuts (toasted)
  • 1 tablespoon Coriander Seeds (toasted)
  • 1 teaspoon Shrimp Paste (Terasi) (toasted)
  • 4 tablespoons Coconut Oil (for frying the paste)

Aromatics for Cavity

  • 3 stalks Lemongrass (bruised and folded)
  • 6 leaves Kaffir Lime Leaves (torn to release oils)
  • 1 bunch Cassava Leaves or Spinach (blanched and squeezed dry)

👨‍🍳 Instructions

  1. 1

    Prepare the Base Gede: Place shallots, garlic, chilies, turmeric, ginger, galangal, kencur, candlenuts, coriander seeds, and shrimp paste into a food processor. Blitz into a smooth, vibrant paste, adding a splash of oil if needed.

  2. 2

    Heat 4 tablespoons of coconut oil in a wok or skillet over medium heat. Sauté the spice paste for 5-7 minutes until the raw smell disappears, the oil starts to separate, and the color deepens to a golden amber.

  3. 3

    Season the paste generously with salt and a pinch of palm sugar. Set aside to cool completely.

  4. 4

    Prepare the duck: Rub the entire duck (inside and out) with salt and lime juice. Let it sit for 15 minutes, then rinse and pat thoroughly dry with paper towels.

  5. 5

    Massage two-thirds of the cooled spice paste all over the exterior of the duck, ensuring every crevice is covered. Mix the remaining paste with the blanched cassava leaves (or spinach).

  6. 6

    Stuff the duck's cavity with the spiced leaves, bruised lemongrass stalks, and torn kaffir lime leaves. This infuses the meat from the inside out.

  7. 7

    Prepare the banana leaves by passing them quickly over an open flame until they become soft and pliable. Lay 3-4 layers of leaves on a flat surface.

  8. 8

    Place the duck in the center of the leaves. Wrap it tightly like a large parcel, ensuring no steam can escape. Secure the bundle firmly with kitchen twine.

  9. 9

    Preheat your oven to 160°C (320°F). For extra protection and moisture retention, wrap the banana leaf parcel in a final layer of heavy-duty aluminum foil.

  10. 10

    Place the parcel in a roasting pan and bake for 2.5 to 3 hours. The low and slow heat is essential for breaking down the duck's connective tissue.

  11. 11

    After 3 hours, remove from the oven and let the duck rest in its wrapping for at least 20 minutes. This allows the juices to redistribute.

  12. 12

    Carefully open the parcel (watch out for hot steam!). The duck should be incredibly tender. Transfer to a serving platter, pour the accumulated juices from the leaves over the meat, and serve.

💡 Chef's Tips

If you cannot find banana leaves, parchment paper followed by foil works, though you will miss the subtle smoky tea-like aroma of the leaves. Don't rush the sautéing of the spice paste; the flavor develops significantly during this 'frying' stage. For a crispier skin, you can unwrap the duck for the last 15 minutes of cooking and turn the heat up to 200°C (400°F). Using a younger duck will result in more tender meat, while an older duck provides a deeper, more 'gamey' flavor typical of traditional Balinese versions. Always toast your shrimp paste and candlenuts first to unlock their nutty, savory depth.

🍽️ Serving Suggestions

Serve with hot steamed jasmine rice to soak up the fragrant spiced oils. Accompany with 'Sambal Matah' (a raw lemongrass and shallot relish) for a refreshing acidic contrast. Include a side of 'Plecing Kangkung' (water spinach with chili shrimp paste dressing). A side of fried peanuts and crispy fried shallots adds a necessary crunch to the tender meat. Pair with a chilled off-dry Riesling or a cold Indonesian lager to cut through the rich spices.