Ancient Shaanxi 'Chinese Hamburger': Masterclass Braised Pork (Rou Jia Mo)

🌍 Cuisine: Chinese
🏷️ Category: Main Course
⏱️ Prep: 20 minutes
🍳 Cook: 2 hours 30 minutes
👥 Serves: 6-8 servings

📝 About This Recipe

Often hailed as the world’s oldest sandwich, Rou Jia Mo features succulent, melt-in-your-mouth pork belly braised for hours in a complex, aromatic master stock. This Shaanxi province staple balances the richness of rendered fat with the deep umami of fermented soy and a symphony of warming spices like star anise and Sichuan peppercorns. The result is a tender, hand-chopped filling that is intensely savory, slightly sweet, and utterly addictive when tucked into a crisp, flaky flatbread.

🥗 Ingredients

The Meat

  • 2 lbs Pork Belly (skin-on, cut into 2-inch thick slabs)
  • 2 inch piece Ginger (smashed)
  • 2 tablespoons Shaoxing Wine (for blanching)

The Braising Aromatics

  • 1/4 cup Light Soy Sauce
  • 2 tablespoons Dark Soy Sauce (for deep mahogany color)
  • 30 grams Rock Sugar (approx 5-6 small crystals)
  • 3 pieces Star Anise
  • 1 piece Cassia Cinnamon Stick
  • 3 pieces Bay Leaves
  • 1 teaspoon Sichuan Peppercorns
  • 1 piece Dried Cao Guo (Black Cardamom) (cracked open)
  • 3-5 pieces Dried Chili Peppers (optional, for subtle warmth)
  • 5-6 cups Water or Light Pork Stock (enough to fully submerge the meat)

The Finishing Touches

  • 1 bunch Fresh Cilantro (finely chopped)
  • 1/2 piece Green Bell Pepper (finely minced for crunch)
  • 1/2 cup Braising Liquid (reserved for the final mix)

👨‍🍳 Instructions

  1. 1

    Place the pork belly slabs in a large pot and cover with cold water. Add the smashed ginger and Shaoxing wine. Bring to a boil for 5-8 minutes to remove impurities. Drain and rinse the pork under cold running water, scrubbing off any grey foam.

  2. 2

    In a clean heavy-bottomed pot or Dutch oven, add a tablespoon of oil and the rock sugar over low heat. Stir constantly until the sugar melts into a light amber-colored syrup (caramelization).

  3. 3

    Carefully add the blanched pork belly to the pot, turning each piece to coat it thoroughly in the sugar syrup until the skin looks golden.

  4. 4

    Pour in the light and dark soy sauces, stirring for 1 minute to allow the soy aroma to release and the color to deepen.

  5. 5

    Add the star anise, cinnamon, bay leaves, Sichuan peppercorns, black cardamom, and dried chilies. Stir briefly until fragrant.

  6. 6

    Pour in enough water (or stock) to cover the meat by at least 2 inches. Bring the liquid to a rolling boil, then immediately reduce the heat to the lowest setting.

  7. 7

    Cover with a tight-fitting lid and simmer gently for 2 to 2.5 hours. The meat is ready when a chopstick can pass through the fat and meat with absolutely no resistance.

  8. 8

    Once tender, turn off the heat and let the pork soak in the braising liquid for at least 30 minutes (ideally 1 hour) to absorb maximum flavor.

  9. 9

    Remove the pork slabs from the liquid and place them on a large cutting board. Using a heavy cleaver, coarsely chop the meat (including the skin and fat) into small, irregular chunks.

  10. 10

    Add the finely minced green pepper and cilantro to the pile of chopped meat on the board.

  11. 11

    Drizzle about 1/4 to 1/2 cup of the concentrated braising liquid over the meat mixture and continue chopping briefly to incorporate the juices and aromatics.

  12. 12

    Slice your 'Mo' (flatbread) horizontally, leaving one edge attached like a hinge. Stuff generously with the warm, juicy pork mixture and serve immediately.

💡 Chef's Tips

Don't trim the fat; the magic of Rou Jia Mo lies in the rendered pork fat emulsifying with the braising liquid to create a juicy filling. Using rock sugar instead of granulated sugar provides a glossy, crystalline sheen to the meat that is characteristic of authentic braises. If you have time, make the pork a day in advance; the flavors deepen significantly after an overnight soak in the fridge. Save the leftover braising liquid! Strain it and freeze it to use as a 'master stock' for your next batch—it only gets better with age.

🍽️ Serving Suggestions

Serve inside toasted 'Bai Ji Mo' (Shaoxi style flatbreads) or any sturdy, crusty pita-style bread. Pair with a side of Liangpi (Cold Skin Noodles) for the ultimate traditional Xi'an meal combo. Serve with a side of pickled garlic cloves or a vinegary cucumber salad to cut through the richness of the pork. Pair with a glass of ice-cold Suanmeitang (Sour Plum Drink) to refresh the palate between bites.