Lebanese Malfouf Mahshi: Garlic and Lemon Infused Cabbage Rolls

🌍 Cuisine: Lebanese
🏷️ Category: Main Course
⏱️ Prep: 60 minutes
🍳 Cook: 1 hour 30 minutes
👥 Serves: 6 servings

📝 About This Recipe

A cornerstone of Lebanese home cooking, Malfouf Mahshi transforms humble cabbage into a delicate, melt-in-your-mouth delicacy. Unlike its Northern European counterparts, these slender rolls are simmered in a bright, savory broth of lemon, garlic, and dried mint, eschewing tomato sauce for a profile that is distinctly Levantine. Each bite offers a harmonious balance of tender meat, aromatic spices, and the silky texture of slow-cooked cabbage leaves.

🥗 Ingredients

The Cabbage

  • 1 large head Green Cabbage (Look for a flat, loose-leafed variety if available)
  • 1 tablespoon Cumin Seeds (Added to boiling water to aid digestion)

The Filling (Hashweh)

  • 500 grams Ground Beef or Lamb (20% fat content is ideal for tenderness)
  • 1.5 cups Short-grain Rice (Egyptian or Calrose rice, rinsed and drained)
  • 1 tablespoon Lebanese Seven Spices (A blend of allspice, cinnamon, pepper, cloves, etc.)
  • 1/2 teaspoon Cinnamon (For extra warmth)
  • 1 teaspoon Black Pepper (Freshly ground)
  • 2 teaspoons Salt
  • 2 tablespoons Olive Oil (Added to the meat to keep it moist)

The Pot Base and Broth

  • 15-20 pieces Garlic Cloves (Whole and peeled)
  • 1/2 cup Lemon Juice (Adjust to taste)
  • 1 tablespoon Dried Mint (Essential for the authentic aroma)
  • 1/4 cup Extra Virgin Olive Oil
  • 3-4 cups Water or Beef Stock (Enough to submerge the rolls)

👨‍🍳 Instructions

  1. 1

    Core the cabbage by using a sharp knife to cut deep around the stem. Place the whole head in a large pot of boiling water with cumin seeds. As the outer leaves soften, peel them off one by one with tongs and set aside.

  2. 2

    Prepare the leaves by removing the thick central rib from each leaf, cutting it into two or three rectangular pieces depending on the size. Do not discard the ribs; save them for the bottom of the pot.

  3. 3

    In a large mixing bowl, combine the ground meat, rinsed rice, seven spices, cinnamon, salt, pepper, and 2 tablespoons of olive oil. Mix thoroughly by hand until well incorporated.

  4. 4

    Line the bottom of a heavy-bottomed pot with the discarded cabbage ribs and any torn leaves. This prevents the rolls from sticking and burning.

  5. 5

    To roll: Place a piece of cabbage leaf flat on a board. Place about 1-2 tablespoons of filling in a thin line along the edge. Roll tightly like a cigar. Unlike grape leaves, the ends of cabbage rolls are usually left open.

  6. 6

    Arrange the rolls in the pot in tight, concentric layers. Scatter the whole garlic cloves between the layers as you go.

  7. 7

    In a separate bowl, whisk together the water (or stock), lemon juice, dried mint, and 1/4 cup olive oil with a teaspoon of salt.

  8. 8

    Pour the liquid over the cabbage rolls until they are just covered. Place an inverted heat-proof plate on top of the rolls to weigh them down and keep them from unravelling during boiling.

  9. 9

    Bring the pot to a boil over medium-high heat. Once boiling, reduce the heat to low, cover the pot with a lid, and simmer gently for 1 hour and 15 minutes.

  10. 10

    Check for doneness: the rice should be tender and the cabbage should practically melt when pressed. Taste the broth and add more lemon if you prefer it more 'tangy'.

  11. 11

    Once cooked, remove the pot from the heat and let it rest for 15 minutes. Carefully drain the excess broth into a bowl to serve on the side.

  12. 12

    Invert the pot onto a large shallow platter or carefully arrange the rolls with tongs. Garnish with the softened garlic cloves from the pot.

💡 Chef's Tips

Choose a cabbage that feels light for its size; these usually have thinner, more flexible leaves which are easier to roll. Don't overstuff the rolls; the rice will expand as it cooks, and overfilling can cause the leaves to burst. If you can't find Lebanese Seven Spices, a mix of equal parts allspice and black pepper with a pinch of nutmeg and cloves works well. For a vegetarian version, replace the meat with chickpeas and finely chopped parsley, tomatoes, and onions. Always let the dish rest after cooking; it allows the flavors to settle and the cabbage to absorb the remaining juices.

🍽️ Serving Suggestions

Serve hot with a side of the reserved cooking broth for dipping. A bowl of creamy plain yogurt (Labneh or Greek yogurt) provides a perfect cooling contrast to the garlic. Fresh radishes and green onions on the side add a lovely crunch and peppery bite. A simple Lebanese salad like Fattoush or Tabbouleh balances the richness of the meat filling. For a drink pairing, try a glass of chilled Arak diluted with water or a crisp, dry white wine.