Old World Baltic Rollmops: Traditional Pickled Herring Rolls

🌍 Cuisine: Northern European
🏷️ Category: Raw & Cold Dishes
⏱️ Prep: 45 minutes
🍳 Cook: 10 minutes
👥 Serves: 6-8 servings

📝 About This Recipe

A cornerstone of Northern European maritime heritage, these Rollmops are succulent herring fillets cured in a tangy, aromatic brine and rolled around a crisp pickle center. This dish celebrates the ancient art of acid-curing, transforming humble fish into a sophisticated balance of sweet, sour, and savory notes. Perfect as a bright, refreshing appetizer, these rolls offer a satisfying snap and a deep umami finish that has sustained coastal cultures for centuries.

🥗 Ingredients

The Herring

  • 12 pieces Fresh Herring Fillets (cleaned, scaled, and deboned with tails removed)
  • 1/4 cup Coarse Sea Salt (for the initial dry cure)

The Pickling Brine

  • 2 cups White Wine Vinegar (6% acidity preferred)
  • 1 cup Water (filtered)
  • 1/2 cup Granulated Sugar (adjust for desired sweetness)
  • 3 pieces Bay Leaves (dried)
  • 1 tablespoon Whole Black Peppercorns (slightly crushed)
  • 2 teaspoons Mustard Seeds (yellow or brown)
  • 5-6 pieces Whole Allspice Berries (essential for authentic flavor)
  • 3 pieces Whole Cloves

The Filling and Aromatics

  • 12 pieces Cornichons (small, crunchy pickled cucumbers)
  • 1 large Red Onion (very thinly sliced into half-moons)
  • 1 medium Carrot (peeled and cut into thin matchsticks)
  • 2 tablespoons Dijon Mustard (for brushing the fillets)
  • 4-5 sprigs Fresh Dill (roughly chopped)

👨‍🍳 Instructions

  1. 1

    Rinse the herring fillets under cold running water and pat them thoroughly dry with paper towels.

  2. 2

    Place the fillets in a shallow glass dish and sprinkle evenly with the coarse sea salt. Cover and refrigerate for 2 hours to firm up the flesh; this is the crucial 'pre-cure' step.

  3. 3

    While the fish cures, prepare the brine by combining vinegar, water, sugar, bay leaves, peppercorns, mustard seeds, allspice, and cloves in a medium stainless steel saucepan.

  4. 4

    Bring the brine to a gentle boil over medium heat, stirring until the sugar is completely dissolved. Simmer for 5 minutes to infuse the spices.

  5. 5

    Remove the brine from the heat and let it cool completely to room temperature. Never pour hot brine over raw fish, as it will cook the delicate proteins.

  6. 6

    Rinse the salt off the herring fillets under cold water and pat them dry again. Lay them skin-side down on a clean cutting board.

  7. 7

    Lightly brush the flesh side of each fillet with a thin layer of Dijon mustard and sprinkle with a few bits of chopped dill.

  8. 8

    At the wider end of each fillet, place one cornichon, a few slices of red onion, and 2-3 carrot matchsticks.

  9. 9

    Carefully roll the fillet tightly from the wide end to the tail. Secure the roll with one or two wooden toothpicks pierced through the center.

  10. 10

    Pack the rolled herring vertically into a clean, wide-mouthed glass jar. Tuck the remaining onion slices and carrot sticks into the gaps between the rolls.

  11. 11

    Pour the completely cooled brine (including all the spices) over the herring, ensuring they are fully submerged.

  12. 12

    Seal the jar and refrigerate for at least 48 hours before serving. This allows the acid to fully penetrate the fish and the flavors to harmonize.

💡 Chef's Tips

Always use non-reactive containers like glass or ceramic; the high acid content will react with metal and ruin the flavor. For the best texture, ensure your herring is as fresh as possible; if using frozen, thaw slowly in the refrigerator overnight. Don't skip the initial salt cure—it draws out excess moisture and ensures the 'snap' that defines a perfect rollmop. If the brine is too sharp for your palate, you can increase the sugar slightly or use a milder apple cider vinegar. Discard the toothpicks just before serving to make them easier for guests to eat.

🍽️ Serving Suggestions

Serve on thick slices of buttered dark rye or pumpernickel bread for a classic German 'Frühstück'. Pair with a chilled shot of Aquavit or a crisp, bitter Pilsner to cut through the richness of the fish. Accompany with a side of warm boiled potatoes tossed in butter and fresh chives. Garnish with a dollop of sour cream and extra sprigs of fresh dill for a creamy contrast. Serve as part of a 'Smörgåsbord' alongside sharp cheeses and radishes.