Traditional Kapampangan Burong Isda (Lacto-Fermented Fish and Rice)

🌍 Cuisine: Filipino
🏷️ Category: Fermented & Cultured
⏱️ Prep: 45 minutes (plus 7-10 days fermentation)
🍳 Cook: 20 minutes
👥 Serves: 8-10 servings (as a side/condiment)

📝 About This Recipe

A soul-stirring delicacy from the heart of Central Luzon, Burong Isda is a masterclass in the ancient art of Filipino fermentation. Fresh freshwater fish is cured in a bed of cool, salted rice, transforming over several days into a complex, tangy, and deeply savory condiment known as 'umami gold.' When sautéed with aromatics, it creates a velvety, funky sauce that is the ultimate companion to grilled meats and crisp vegetables.

🥗 Ingredients

The Fermentation Base

  • 500 grams Freshwater Fish (Tilapia or Dalag/Mudfish) (cleaned, scaled, and filleted into 2-inch pieces)
  • 4 cups Cooked Jasmine Rice (cooled completely to room temperature; slightly mushy texture is preferred)
  • 1/4 cup Rock Salt (non-iodized salt is crucial for proper fermentation)
  • 1/2 cup Bamboo Shoots (Labong) (finely julienned and parboiled; optional but adds great texture)
  • 2 tablespoons Ginger (peeled and finely minced for the fermentation jar)

The Sauté (Gisa)

  • 3 tablespoons Cooking Oil (neutral oil like canola or vegetable oil)
  • 6 cloves Garlic (peeled and minced)
  • 1 large Red Onion (finely chopped)
  • 2 tablespoons Fresh Ginger (sliced into thin matchsticks)
  • 3 medium Roma Tomatoes (diced small)
  • 2-3 pieces Bird's Eye Chilies (Siling Labuyo) (chopped for a spicy kick)
  • 1 teaspoon Fish Sauce (Patis) (to taste, if extra salt is needed after cooking)
  • 1/2 teaspoon Sugar (to balance the intense acidity)

👨‍🍳 Instructions

  1. 1

    Start by preparing the fish. Rub the fish fillets thoroughly with about 1 tablespoon of the rock salt. Let them sit in a colander for 30 minutes to draw out excess moisture, then pat them very dry with paper towels.

  2. 2

    In a large mixing bowl, combine the cooled cooked rice with the remaining rock salt and the minced ginger. Mix well until the salt is evenly distributed.

  3. 3

    If using bamboo shoots, fold them gently into the rice mixture. These provide a lovely crunch against the soft rice.

  4. 4

    Sterilize a glass jar with boiling water and dry it completely. Place a layer of the rice mixture at the bottom of the jar.

  5. 5

    Layer pieces of fish over the rice, then cover with more rice. Repeat this layering process, ensuring the final top layer is a thick coating of rice.

  6. 6

    Press down firmly on the mixture to remove any air pockets. Seal the jar tightly with a lid.

  7. 7

    Store the jar in a cool, dark place (like a kitchen cupboard) for 7 to 10 days. The rice will soften and develop a distinct, sour aroma. If it turns pink (using Angkak) or stays white/cream, that is normal; however, discard if you see black or green mold.

  8. 8

    Once fermented, it's time to cook. Heat the cooking oil in a wide pan or wok over medium heat.

  9. 9

    Sauté the ginger matchsticks until fragrant and slightly golden, then add the garlic and onions. Cook until the onions are translucent and soft.

  10. 10

    Add the diced tomatoes and cook, mashing them with your spatula, until they break down into a jammy consistency.

  11. 11

    Scoop the fermented fish and rice mixture into the pan. Stir gently to combine with the aromatics.

  12. 12

    Lower the heat and let it simmer for 10-15 minutes. The rice will break down further into a thick, porridge-like sauce and the fish will become very tender.

  13. 13

    Add the chilies and sugar. Taste the mixture; the fermentation should provide plenty of saltiness, but add a splash of fish sauce if you desire more depth.

  14. 14

    Continue cooking until the oil starts to separate from the mixture and the 'bura' has reached a thick, spreadable consistency.

  15. 15

    Remove from heat and serve warm or at room temperature.

💡 Chef's Tips

Use only the freshest fish possible; any 'off' smell before fermentation will be amplified later. Ensure all utensils and jars are bone-dry, as stray water can introduce bad bacteria and spoil the ferment. If you prefer a pink hue (traditional in some regions), add 1 teaspoon of powdered 'angkak' (red yeast rice) to the rice mixture. Never use a metal container for the fermentation process, as the acid and salt will react with the metal; glass or ceramic is best. If the mixture is too thick when sautéing, add a small splash of water to reach your desired consistency.

🍽️ Serving Suggestions

Serve alongside 'Mustasa' (fresh mustard leaves) which act as a bitter, crunchy wrap for the savory bura. Pair with grilled Tilapia or fried Hito (Catfish) for a classic Kapampangan feast. Accompany with steamed vegetables like okra, eggplant, and bitter melon (ampalaya). Serve as a side to 'Pritong Liempo' (fried pork belly) to cut through the richness of the fat. Enjoy with a side of hot, steamed white rice to balance the intense salty-sour profile.