Golden Persian Barbari: The Ultimate Crisp and Airy Flatbread

🌍 Cuisine: Mediterranean
🏷️ Category: Breads
⏱️ Prep: 2 hours 30 minutes
🍳 Cook: 15-18 minutes
👥 Serves: 2 large loaves

📝 About This Recipe

Nan-e Barbari is one of the most iconic breads of Iran, celebrated for its unique elongated shape and distinctive golden-brown crust. This thick, leavened flatbread features a signature 'Roomal' glaze that creates a beautiful sheen and a crisp exterior, while the inside remains soft and pillowy. Topped with toasted sesame and nigella seeds, it offers a nutty aroma and a complex flavor profile that is essential to a traditional Mediterranean breakfast.

🥗 Ingredients

The Dough

  • 4 cups All-purpose flour (plus extra for dusting; high-quality bread flour also works well)
  • 2 1/4 teaspoons Active dry yeast (one standard packet)
  • 1 1/2 cups Warm water (approximately 105-110°F)
  • 1 teaspoon Granulated sugar (to feed the yeast)
  • 1 1/2 teaspoons Fine sea salt
  • 2 tablespoons Olive oil (plus more for greasing the bowl)

The Roomal (Glaze)

  • 1/2 teaspoon Baking soda (essential for the deep golden color)
  • 1 teaspoon All-purpose flour
  • 1/2 cup Water
  • 1 teaspoon Vegetable oil

The Toppings

  • 1 tablespoon Sesame seeds (white or toasted)
  • 1 tablespoon Nigella seeds (also known as black cumin or kalonji)
  • 1-2 tablespoons Cornmeal (for dusting the baking sheet)

👨‍🍳 Instructions

  1. 1

    In a large bowl or the bowl of a stand mixer, combine the warm water, sugar, and yeast. Let it sit for about 5-10 minutes until it becomes frothy and bubbly.

  2. 2

    Add the olive oil and salt to the yeast mixture. Gradually stir in the flour, one cup at a time, until a shaggy dough forms.

  3. 3

    Knead the dough using a dough hook on medium-low speed for 7-8 minutes, or by hand on a floured surface for 10 minutes, until the dough is smooth, elastic, and slightly tacky but not sticking to your fingers.

  4. 4

    Lightly oil a large bowl, place the dough inside, and cover with a damp cloth or plastic wrap. Let it rise in a warm, draft-free spot for 60-90 minutes, or until doubled in size.

  5. 5

    While the dough rises, prepare the Roomal glaze. In a small saucepan, whisk together the water, 1 teaspoon of flour, baking soda, and vegetable oil. Bring to a simmer over medium heat, whisking constantly until it thickens into a thin paste. Remove from heat and let cool completely.

  6. 6

    Preheat your oven to 450°F (230°C). If you have a baking stone, place it in the oven now. Otherwise, lightly grease two large baking sheets and sprinkle them with cornmeal.

  7. 7

    Gently punch down the risen dough and divide it into two equal portions. Shape each into an oval ball.

  8. 8

    On a lightly floured surface, roll each ball into an elongated oval, roughly 12-14 inches long and 5 inches wide. Transfer each to the prepared baking sheets.

  9. 9

    Using your fingertips, press deep longitudinal grooves into the dough, running from top to bottom. Be firm but careful not to tear through the dough; these ridges are the signature of Barbari bread.

  10. 10

    Generously brush the surface of each loaf with the cooled Roomal glaze, ensuring you get into the grooves.

  11. 11

    Sprinkle the sesame seeds and nigella seeds evenly over the top of the glazed loaves.

  12. 12

    Cover loosely and let the loaves rest for another 15-20 minutes to puff up slightly before baking.

  13. 13

    Bake for 15-18 minutes, or until the bread is a deep golden brown and sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom.

  14. 14

    Remove from the oven and immediately wrap the hot bread in a clean kitchen towel for 5 minutes. This softens the crust just enough to make it perfectly chewy.

💡 Chef's Tips

For the most authentic flavor, don't skip the nigella seeds; they provide a specific herbal aroma that defines this bread. If the dough is too springy and shrinks back while rolling, let it rest for 5 minutes to relax the gluten before trying again. The baking soda in the glaze is the secret to the dark, mahogany crust; without it, the bread will look pale. Ensure your oven is fully preheated; a hot oven is crucial for the rapid rise (oven spring) that creates the airy interior. Store leftovers in a sealed bag, but toast them briefly before serving to regain that signature crispness.

🍽️ Serving Suggestions

Serve warm with 'Panir Sabzi'—a platter of feta cheese, fresh walnuts, and bunches of mint, tarragon, and radish. Pair with a hot cup of Persian black tea sweetened with a sugar cube for a traditional breakfast. Use it as a sturdy base for dipping into creamy hummus, baba ganoush, or whipped labneh. Serve alongside a hearty bowl of Ash Reshteh (Persian noodle soup) for a comforting lunch. Slather with unsalted butter and sour cherry jam for a sweet and savory treat.