Golden Crust Nan-e Barbari: The Ultimate Persian Fermented Flatbread

🌍 Cuisine: Persian
🏷️ Category: Bread
⏱️ Prep: 2 hours 30 minutes
🍳 Cook: 15-18 minutes
👥 Serves: 2 large loaves

📝 About This Recipe

Nan-e Barbari is one of Iran’s most iconic breads, celebrated for its distinctive elongated shape, deep ridges, and a uniquely chewy yet airy crumb. This recipe utilizes a slow fermentation process to develop a complex, nutty flavor profile that perfectly complements the 'Roomal'—a traditional flour glaze that gives the crust its signature golden sheen. Topped with a fragrant blend of nigella and sesame seeds, this bread is a masterclass in texture and the heart of any Persian breakfast spread.

🥗 Ingredients

The Dough

  • 4 cups Bread Flour (High protein flour works best for the chewy texture)
  • 1 1/2 cups Warm Water (Approximately 105°F to 110°F)
  • 2 1/4 teaspoons Active Dry Yeast (One standard packet)
  • 1 teaspoon Granulated Sugar (To feed the yeast)
  • 1 1/2 teaspoons Fine Sea Salt
  • 2 tablespoons Extra Virgin Olive Oil (Plus extra for greasing the bowl)

The Roomal (Glaze)

  • 1 tablespoon All-Purpose Flour
  • 1/2 teaspoon Baking Soda (Essential for the deep browning)
  • 1/2 cup Water
  • 1 teaspoon Vegetable Oil

The Topping

  • 1 tablespoon Sesame Seeds (Toasted or raw)
  • 1 tablespoon Nigella Seeds (Also known as black cumin or kalonji)
  • 2 tablespoons Cornmeal (For dusting the baking sheet)

👨‍🍳 Instructions

  1. 1

    In a small bowl, whisk together the warm water, sugar, and yeast. Let it sit for 5-10 minutes until the mixture becomes foamy and active.

  2. 2

    In a large mixing bowl or the bowl of a stand mixer, whisk together the bread flour and sea salt. Create a well in the center.

  3. 3

    Pour the yeast mixture and 2 tablespoons of olive oil into the well. Using a dough hook or a sturdy wooden spoon, mix until a shaggy dough forms.

  4. 4

    Knead the dough for 8-10 minutes by hand or 5-7 minutes in a mixer on medium-low speed. The dough should be smooth, elastic, and slightly tacky but not sticking to your fingers.

  5. 5

    Lightly oil a large bowl, place the dough inside, and cover with a damp cloth. Let it rise in a warm, draft-free spot for 60-90 minutes, or until doubled in size.

  6. 6

    While the dough rises, prepare the Roomal glaze. In a small saucepan, whisk together the 1/2 cup water, 1 tbsp flour, baking soda, and oil. Bring to a simmer over medium heat, whisking constantly until it thickens into a thin paste. Remove from heat and let cool completely.

  7. 7

    Preheat your oven to 450°F (230°C). If you have a baking stone, place it on the middle rack. Otherwise, prepare two baking sheets by dusting them generously with cornmeal.

  8. 8

    Gently punch down the risen dough and divide it into two equal portions. Shape each into an oval ball.

  9. 9

    On a lightly floured surface, roll each ball into an elongated oval, roughly 12-14 inches long and 5 inches wide. Transfer each to the prepared baking sheets.

  10. 10

    Using your fingers, press deep longitudinal grooves into the dough, creating 4-5 long ridges. Be firm but careful not to tear the dough.

  11. 11

    Generously brush the cooled Roomal glaze over the entire surface of the loaves, ensuring the grooves are well-coated.

  12. 12

    Sprinkle the sesame and nigella seeds evenly over the top. Cover loosely and let rest for another 15 minutes while the oven finishes heating.

  13. 13

    Bake for 15-18 minutes, or until the bread is a deep golden brown and sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom.

  14. 14

    Immediately transfer the hot bread to a wire rack. To keep the crust soft, you can wrap the warm bread in a clean kitchen towel for 5 minutes before serving.

💡 Chef's Tips

For the most authentic flavor, allow the dough to rise in the refrigerator overnight for a slow fermentation. Don't skip the baking soda in the glaze; it creates the alkaline environment necessary for the Maillard reaction and that specific Barbari color. If your dough is too springy and shrinks back while shaping, let it rest for 5 minutes to relax the gluten, then try again. Use a spray bottle to mist the oven with water just as you put the bread in to create steam for a better crust.

🍽️ Serving Suggestions

Serve warm with Paneer Lighvan (Persian feta), fresh walnuts, and sprigs of mint and tarragon. Pair with a hot glass of Persian black tea sweetened with a sugar cube (Ghand). Use it as a vessel for dipping into Baba Ganoush or Hummus. Slice and toast the next day for a base for soft-scrambled eggs with tomato and onion.