Tarkhineh Polow: The Ancient Fermented Grain Jewel of Western Iran

🌍 Cuisine: Persian
🏷️ Category: Main Course
⏱️ Prep: 30 minutes
🍳 Cook: 1 hour 15 minutes
👥 Serves: 4-6 servings

📝 About This Recipe

Hailing from the rugged mountains of Kermanshah and Lorestan, Tarkhineh Polow is a rare and rustic masterpiece of Persian cuisine featuring sundried, fermented nuggets of cracked wheat and yogurt. This dish offers a sophisticated profile of tanginess and earthiness, balanced by the sweetness of caramelized onions and the warmth of traditional spices. It is a comforting, probiotic-rich heritage meal that transforms simple grains into a deeply aromatic and satisfying experience.

🥗 Ingredients

The Tarkhineh Base

  • 3-4 pieces Dry Tarkhineh discs (traditional fermented wheat and yogurt nuggets)
  • 2 cups Warm water (for soaking)

Rice and Aromatics

  • 3 cups Basmati rice (high quality, long-grain)
  • 3 large Yellow onions (thinly sliced for caramelization)
  • 4 pieces Garlic cloves (minced)
  • 1 teaspoon Turmeric powder
  • 1 tablespoon Advieh (Persian Rice Spice) (a blend of cinnamon, cumin, cardamom, and rose petals)
  • 1/2 teaspoon Black pepper (freshly cracked)
  • 2 tablespoons Salt (for boiling rice)

The Saffron and Fat

  • 1/2 teaspoon Saffron threads (ground and bloomed in 2 tbsp hot water)
  • 1/2 cup Ghee or Vegetable oil (divided use)
  • 2 tablespoons Butter (cubed, to top the rice)

Optional Protein and Garnish

  • 250 grams Ground lamb or beef (optional; can be made vegetarian)
  • 1 tablespoon Dried mint (sautéed briefly in oil for garnish)

👨‍🍳 Instructions

  1. 1

    Place the dry Tarkhineh discs in a medium bowl and cover with 2 cups of warm water. Let them soak for at least 30-45 minutes until they soften and can be easily broken apart into a thick porridge-like consistency.

  2. 2

    Wash the Basmati rice in a large bowl, changing the water several times until the water runs clear. Soak the rice in salted water for at least 1 hour.

  3. 3

    In a large skillet, heat 3 tablespoons of oil over medium heat. Add the sliced onions and sauté slowly until they are deep golden brown and caramelized (Piaz Dagh). This should take about 15-20 minutes.

  4. 4

    If using meat, add the ground lamb or beef to the onions. Brown the meat thoroughly, breaking it up with a spoon.

  5. 5

    Stir in the minced garlic, turmeric, and black pepper. Sauté for another 2 minutes until the garlic is fragrant.

  6. 6

    Drain any excess water from the soaked Tarkhineh and add the softened grain mixture to the skillet. Stir well to combine with the onions and spices, cooking for 5 minutes to allow flavors to meld.

  7. 7

    Bring a large pot of water (about 8-10 cups) to a boil with 2 tablespoons of salt. Drain the soaked rice and add it to the boiling water.

  8. 8

    Parboil the rice for 5-7 minutes. The grains should be soft on the outside but still have a firm 'bite' in the center (al dente). Drain the rice in a fine-mesh colander and rinse briefly with lukewarm water.

  9. 9

    In the bottom of a heavy-bottomed non-stick pot, pour 2 tablespoons of oil and a splash of the bloomed saffron. You can place thin slices of potato or lavash bread here if you want a 'Tahdig' crust.

  10. 10

    Layer the rice and the Tarkhineh mixture: Start with a layer of parboiled rice, then a layer of the Tarkhineh-onion mixture, and a sprinkle of the Advieh spice. Repeat until all ingredients are used, finishing with a layer of white rice shaped into a pyramid.

  11. 11

    Poke 5 holes into the rice mound with the handle of a wooden spoon to allow steam to escape. Drizzle the remaining bloomed saffron and top with the cubes of butter.

  12. 12

    Wrap the pot lid in a clean kitchen towel (Damkani) to absorb excess moisture. Place the lid firmly on the pot.

  13. 13

    Cook on medium-high heat for 5 minutes to set the crust, then reduce the heat to low and steam (Dam kardan) for 45-50 minutes.

  14. 14

    Once finished, gently fluff the rice with a fork, mixing the Tarkhineh layers with the white rice. Dish out onto a platter and serve the crispy Tahdig from the bottom of the pot on the side.

💡 Chef's Tips

If you cannot find pre-made Tarkhineh, you can mimic the flavor by using extra-coarse bulgur soaked in kefir or sour yogurt. Be careful not to over-boil the rice; because Tarkhineh is moist, the rice needs to be slightly firmer than usual during the parboiling stage. For the best aroma, grind your saffron with a pinch of sugar before blooming it in hot water. Always use a kitchen towel on the lid; it prevents steam from dripping back onto the rice, ensuring fluffy, distinct grains. The 'Advieh' spice blend is crucial; if you don't have a premade mix, use a 2:1 ratio of cinnamon and cumin with a pinch of cardamom.

🍽️ Serving Suggestions

Serve with a side of 'Mast-o-Khiar' (Persian cucumber and herb yogurt) to complement the tanginess. Pairs beautifully with 'Torshi' (Persian pickled vegetables), particularly pickled garlic or liteh. A fresh 'Sabzi Khordan' platter of mint, tarragon, radishes, and scallions is essential. Accompany with a glass of chilled Doogh (savory yogurt drink) seasoned with dried mint. For a festive touch, garnish the top with sautéed barberries (Zereshk) for extra pops of color and tartness.