Fiery Yemenite Zhoug: The Emerald Jewel of Mizrahi Cuisine

🌍 Cuisine: Yemenite / Middle Eastern
🏷️ Category: Condiment
⏱️ Prep: 15 minutes
🍳 Cook: 5 minutes
👥 Serves: Makes about 1.5 cups

📝 About This Recipe

Originally brought to Israel by Yemenite Jews, Zhoug is a vibrant, herbaceous chili paste that has become the undisputed king of Israeli condiments. This recipe balances the intense heat of fresh serrano peppers with the cooling brightness of cilantro and a complex, aromatic blend of toasted spices. It is a versatile powerhouse that adds a punch of umami and heat to everything from falafel to grilled meats.

🥗 Ingredients

The Fresh Base

  • 2 large bunches Fresh Cilantro (thick lower stems removed, washed and thoroughly dried)
  • 1/2 cup Fresh Flat-Leaf Parsley (packed leaves only)
  • 8-10 pieces Serrano Peppers (stems removed; keep seeds for extra heat)
  • 6-8 pieces Garlic Cloves (peeled and roughly chopped)

The Spice Blend

  • 1 teaspoon Cumin Seeds (whole)
  • 4-5 pieces Cardamom Pods (seeds extracted and pods discarded)
  • 1/2 teaspoon Coriander Seeds (whole)
  • 1/2 teaspoon Black Peppercorns (whole)
  • 2 pieces Cloves (whole)

Liquids and Seasoning

  • 1/2 cup Extra Virgin Olive Oil (plus more for sealing the jar)
  • 2 tablespoons Fresh Lemon Juice (about half a lemon)
  • 1 teaspoon Kosher Salt (adjust to taste)
  • 1/4 teaspoon Sugar (optional, to balance the acidity)

👨‍🍳 Instructions

  1. 1

    Place a small dry skillet over medium-low heat. Add the cumin seeds, coriander seeds, cardamom seeds, peppercorns, and cloves.

  2. 2

    Toast the spices for 2-3 minutes, shaking the pan frequently, until they become highly fragrant and slightly darkened. Do not let them burn.

  3. 3

    Transfer the toasted spices to a mortar and pestle or a clean spice grinder. Grind them into a fine, aromatic powder.

  4. 4

    Thoroughly dry your cilantro and parsley using a salad spinner or paper towels. Excess water will make the zhoug watery and shorten its shelf life.

  5. 5

    Roughly chop the serrano peppers. If you prefer a milder sauce, remove the white membranes and seeds from half of the peppers.

  6. 6

    Place the chopped garlic and a pinch of the salt into a food processor. Pulse a few times until the garlic is finely minced.

  7. 7

    Add the chopped peppers to the food processor and pulse until they are broken down into small bits but not yet a paste.

  8. 8

    Add the cilantro and parsley to the processor in batches, pulsing between additions until the herbs are finely chopped.

  9. 9

    Add the ground toasted spice blend, the remaining salt, sugar, and lemon juice to the herb mixture.

  10. 10

    While the food processor is running on a low setting, slowly drizzle in the olive oil in a steady stream to emulsify the sauce.

  11. 11

    Stop and scrape down the sides of the bowl. Pulse a few more times until you achieve a coarse, pesto-like consistency. Avoid over-processing into a smooth purée; texture is key.

  12. 12

    Taste the zhoug. Adjust the seasoning with more salt or lemon juice if needed to make the flavors pop.

  13. 13

    Transfer the zhoug to a clean glass jar. Use a spoon to press it down and remove air pockets.

  14. 14

    Pour a thin layer of olive oil over the top to seal the surface, which helps preserve the vibrant green color.

  15. 15

    Cover tightly and refrigerate for at least an hour before serving to allow the complex flavors to meld together.

💡 Chef's Tips

Always use fresh spices and toast them yourself; the depth of flavor from freshly ground cardamom and cumin is what defines an authentic zhoug. Ensure your herbs are bone-dry before processing to prevent the sauce from separating or spoiling quickly. If you don't have serranos, Thai bird's eye chilies work for extreme heat, or jalapeños for a milder version. For the most traditional texture, use a large mortar and pestle to hand-grind the herbs into a rustic paste. Zhoug keeps well in the fridge for up to 3 weeks if you keep the top layer sealed with olive oil after every use.

🍽️ Serving Suggestions

Swirl a spoonful into a bowl of creamy hummus or tahini for a spicy kick. Serve alongside warm pita bread and Israeli salad for a classic Mizrahi breakfast. Use it as a marinade or topping for grilled chicken skewers or lamb chops. Dollop onto Sabich (eggplant and egg sandwich) or Falafel pitas to cut through the richness. Mix a teaspoon into your morning scrambled eggs or shakshuka.